Saudi Arabia introduction _ soldiers head

At the start of the Saudi life before the introduction of Saudi, warm up, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia �� name �� (Kingdomof Saudi Arabia), code SA [area] 225 million square kilometres (Saudi official figures). �� Population �� 2460 million (2005), of which the Saudi citizens about 70%. The majority of the Arabs, Islam, Arabic. �� Official language �� Arabic, General English. �� With Beijing time difference �� earlier than Greenwich time; 3 hours later than Beijing time 5 hours �� international telephone codes �� 966 �� capital �� Riyadh (Riyadh), a population of about 500 million. Summer-Taif; foreign capital to Jeddah; religious capital to Mecca. �� Flowers �� Wu Dan rose (Rosaceae) �� heads �� King and the Prime Minister, the National Guard Commander: Abdullah �� present �� Abdel-Aziz (AbdullahBin Abdul-Aziz), August 1, 2005 the throne. �� Important festivals �� national day: 1932 September 23; Eid al-Fitr: Hijri calendar, the first day of the month October; al-Adha: Hijri 10 December. �� Currency �� Saudi riyals (Riyal), 1 US dollar = 3.75 Saudi riyals. �� Religious �� Islam as the State religion, the Sunni Muslim 85%, Shi'a Muslims accounted for 15%. �� Natural geographic �� is located on the Arabian Peninsula. The Arabian Gulf, West of the Red Sea, with Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, U.A.E., Yemen, and other countries. 2437 km coastline. The terrain liyao. In the case of Mediterranean climate in the Western plateau, other areas in the subtropical desert climate. Summers are hot and dry, the maximum temperature of up to 50 �� c above; the climate is mild in winter. Average annual rainfall is less than 200 mm. Throughout most of the plateau. The Western Red Sea coast to the East of the strip of plain, as tournament LVL mountain. Mountainous terrain gradually declining East until the Eastern plain. For example, its northern desert with great nafud, South rub al Khali desert. There are gold, silver, copper, iron, bauxite, phosphates and other minerals. The eastern coast of the Persian Gulf onshore and offshore oil and gas reserves is extremely rich. Khali desert east of cloth buraimi OASIS as Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Oman disputed area in the three countries. Most parts of the territory of a tropical desert climate, Northwest Plateau, is a Mediterranean climate, with annual precipitation mostly in 200 mm. �� History �� 7th century, the founder of Islam, Muhammad's successor to the establishment of the Arab Empire, eight century heyday, layout across Europe, Asia, Africa and three continents. Chinese history as "Pod". Eleventh century began to decline, the 16th century by the Ottoman Empire. The 19th century, the United Kingdom invaded by Han Zhi and Najd in two parts. 1924 years Chi chiefs Abdel-Aziz �� Saudi merger Han Zhi, next to describe himself as King. After 30 years on campaigns, Abdel-Aziz �� Saudi Arabian Peninsula, was finally consolidated in 1932 23 September declared the establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, this day was a Saudi national day. �� Political �� Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a monarchy, the prohibition of political activities. No to the Constitution, the Koran and Hadith Muhammad is the basis of national law enforcement. The King also known as "the servant of Allah." King exercise supreme executive power and judicial power, has the right to appoint, dissolution or the restructuring of the Cabinet, has the right to stand, the Crown Prince, dissolved waste consultations, have the right to approve or reject the Cabinet meeting resolutions and signed treaties with foreign countries, the agreement. 1992: March 1, Fahd enacted provisions governing the basic law, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from its founder Abdel-Aziz �� Rahman �� Faisal �� Saudi King's son became King in the ticket. In the first half of 2006, the overall smooth sand councils, economy maintain rapid growth, the security situation continues to improve. �� Parliament �� Saudi Shura Council in 1993 December 29 was founded, is the country's political advisory body, consists of 12 specialized Committee. Consultations by the President and 150 members, appointed by the King for a term of four years, renewable. In February 2002, King Fahd �� appointed Saleh Abdulla �� Hamid (SalehAbdullahHomaid) Chairman for consultative meeting, April 2005. �� Government �� Administration in May 2003, the 29-member, the primary member is: King and Prime Minister, the National Guard Commander Abdullah �� present �� Abdel-Aziz (AbdullahBin Abdul-Aziz and Ben laDen), Crown Prince and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of defence, aviation, army Director Sultan �� present �� Abdel-Aziz (SultanBinAbdul-Aziz), the Home Secretary Naif �� present �� Abdel-Aziz (NaifBinAbdul-Aziz), Foreign Minister of Saudi Arabia �� present �� Faisal �� present �� Abdel-Aziz (SaudBin Faisal BinAbdul-Aziz), Minister of petroleum and mineral �� Ali Ibrahim �� Nuaimi (AliIbrahimNaimi), Finance Minister Ibrahim �� present �� Abdul Aziz �� �� Assaf (IbrahimBin Abdul-Aziz Asaf). �� Administrative Division �� country is divided into 13 regions: Riyadh region, Mecca, Medina region, Eastern region, Qassim region, Ha'il area, Asir region, Bahai, Tabuk region, northern frontier district, quarter of praise, na kajran district, Zhu Cove area. RegionUnder the level of County and County, the County is divided into rural and secondary level. �� Judiciary �� to the Holy Qur'an and the Hadith for law enforcement purposes. With the High Court and ordinary courts. The High Court in Mecca, Medina and Jeddah. Special appeal tribunal in Riyadh and Mecca. Otherwise ordinary courts handle general cases and Bedouin Tribal Affairs that court magistrate by the religious law. The judiciary is part of the Ministry of justice. �� Economic �� oil industry is the main pillar of the Saudi economy, the world's largest oil-exporting countries. In recent years, benefiting from the international oil price rise, oil export revenues remain high economic growth. Government building and reforming the basis and production facilities in China and continue to promote the diversification of economic structures, labor in Saudi Arabia and the privatization of the economy, the efforts to expand mining and light industries, and other non-oil sector, to encourage the development of agriculture, fisheries and livestock, active attraction of foreign investment, protection of the national economy. In December 2005, Sandy's accession. About half of the population engaged in nomadic, stocking of camels, sheep, goats, horses. A quarter of the population working in agriculture, cropland area less than 1% of the country, spread in the OASIS. Agricultural products have a Palm, wheat, barley, vegetables and fruits. Industrial oil refining, petrochemical, iron and steel, textiles, cement and other departments. National political and economic center of gravity to Riyadh and Hasa district. Han Zhi is the second focus is the administrative center of Jeddah and Islam Mecca, Medina, in recent years is to speed up construction of the Red Sea coast of petroleum and chemical industry. Two focus areas between the highway as well as the long distance pipelines, liquefied gas pipe. Export mainly to oil and its products, which accounted for 90 percent of exports, is the world's largest oil-exporting countries, also export a Palm, and animal products; input mainly for grain, sugar, tea and textiles, etc. From Hordaland to Lebanon in Saida, built the longest oil in the Middle East (long 1,770 km), in recent years has built up from the East Coast Oil area to the West Bank of the oil and gas pipelines. Shahpoor port "Khomeini" used to be called. �� Resources �� 2005, Sandy 5.26 billion tons of oil production, exports of petroleum 4.3 billion tons, tapped 363 billion tonnes (26% of world reserves), the three indicators are ranking first in the world. 640 billion cubic meters of natural gas annual, tapped 6.9 trillion cubic meters, representing 4% of world reserves, the fourth largest in the world. The sand is golden, copper, iron, Tin, aluminium, zinc and other metals. Water to the groundwater. Total reserves of groundwater is 36 trillion cubic meters, at the current water consumption, surface following 20 m deep water use 320 years. Sha is the world's largest producer of desalination of seawater desalination, which together account for 21 per cent of the total world. At present, a total of 30 seawater desalination plant, Nissan 300 million cubic meters of desalination of water, accounting for 46% of drinking water. -A total of 184 reservoir, storage capacity 6.4 billion cubic meters. ������Industrial �� petroleum and petrochemical industry is the Saudi Arabia's economic lifeblood, petrochemical products sold in more than 70 countries and regions, oil revenue in State revenues of more than 70%, oil exports accounted for 93% of total exports. 2005 daily output of crude oil to 1050 million barrels. In recent years, the Government to take full advantage of its rich oil and natural gas resources actively introducing foreign advanced technology and equipment, steel, iron, aluminum, cement, desalination and power industry, agriculture and services, and other non-oil industry, oil-dependent structure of a single economic improvements. ������ Agriculture �� Saudi Arabia attaches great importance to agricultural development. There are 3200 million hectares of arable land is cultivated, 360 million hectares. Practitioners of approximately 39 million, agricultural income GDP 4.7 per cent. Government's agricultural crops, encourage preferential particularly wheat planting, mobilized their enthusiasm. At present, the main agricultural products are wheat, copra, maize, rice, citrus, grapes, pomegranates, and so on. Food self-sufficiency rate of 98%, wheat is self-sufficient and exports. Animal husbandry mainly sheep, goats, camels, and more. The Government also uses the power of local and private enterprises, through broiler chicken farms, and the development of mariculture, encourages companies to establish the farm. Sand have gravity wells 4 million eyes, drinking water wells 5.2 million eyes, dams, water storage capacity of 220 seats up to 8 billion cubic meters. ������ Financial �� sand official overseas assets of about 1280. In 2005 the Government domestic public debt 1266.7 billion, accounting for 41% of GDP. Sand have commercial 10, of which the National Bank, Riyadh Bank and La Rajhi financial investment company three National Bank, the rest is a joint venture bank branches in 1210. Capital of about 230 million rials, profit of about 70 billion rials. Sha has seven stock exchange. �� Trade �� free trade and low tariff policy. Export to petroleum and petroleum products, accounting for approximately 93 per cent of total exports, petrochemical and industrial goods exports is gradually increased. Import mainly machinery and equipment, consumer goods, such as food, textile and chemical products. Major trading partners are the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, France, Korea, etc. Due to the large number of export oil, sand foreign trade long-term surpluses. The 2005 total of foreign trade and exports of 2280 $ 1570 billion, imports 527 million. ������ Military �� armed forces was built in 1964, Supreme Defence Council for the Defense's highest decision-making body. King as Supreme Commander of the armed forces, armed forces Chief of staff for Mohammed �� Saleh �� Hamadi. The army divided into regular and national guard. Regular army usually implement voluntary, mandatory, in time of war the General branch of lasting two years, the special branches of the military service of three years. Armed forces totaled about 10.6 million, of which the army about 7.3 million, three Armored Brigade, 1 Airborne Brigade, 1 Infantry Brigade, 1 Royal guards Regiment, 23 artillery battalion; the Navy about 1.1 millionComposition of the Red Sea and Persian Gulf, two fleet; the air force about 1.8 million series air squadrons, interceptor Squadron. In addition to the National Guard, border forces, special forces and sea guard, etc. �� Education �� Government attaches importance to the education and training, the introduction of free education. Primary and secondary school system in the six years. There were various schools 2.28 million, of which 8 are universities, colleges, 78 5 higher religious University. Existing teachers 33.96 million school students about 480 million, of which students 27.2 million. Each year, around 7 000 students studying abroad at public expense. University of reading in the country, with the exception of free accommodation, but also enjoy the benefits. ������ Press �� national release 13 newspaper, 24 magazine. Arabic newspapers include: the Riyadh newspaper "," Middle East "(published in London), the peninsula newspaper" and "Le", "Europe Cazes, La", "Forum", an English newspaper: the Arab News, the Saudi newspaper ", the Saudi business", "the Saudi economic survey, etc. Saudi press agency: short for sediment fluxes, 1971 was established on 23 January, directly affected by the leadership of the Department. With Ah, English and French press. In Washington, London, Tunisia, Beirut, Cairo with branch. Radio stations: there are 3, 1962 in Mecca-built the Islamic call on the radio, 1965, built in Riyadh radio and 1972 built the Koran radio station. In addition to the above radio broadcasts in Arabic, is also used every day in English, French, Urdu, Kiswahili, Persia and Bangali language foreign broadcasts. Television: TV networks established in 1964, the existing five TV stations. 1965 start playing black and white program, 1976 color. 1983, start playing the English and French programming. Currently the country has 107 interchange, TV network is covering 98 percent of the region. ����